Below is the screen interface of Arduino software.
Coming to its programming part.... the main thing we have to have idea is about the programming language which we are going to use for programming.
In fact, you already are; the Arduino language is merely a set of C/C++functions that can be called from your code. Your sketch undergoes minor changes (e.g. automatic generation of function prototypes) and then is passed directly to a C/C++ compiler (aver-g++).
And coming to the compiler here comes the new term called Arduino Integrated Development Board(Arduino IDE).I will discuss about its interface and complete information in my next article but now we are going for its overview.
The Arduino/Genuino Uno can be programmed with the (Arduino Software (IDE)). Select "Arduino/Genuino Uno from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and tutorials.
The ATmega328 on the Arduino/Genuino Uno comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol. You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar; see these instructions for details. The ATmega16U2 firmware source code is available in the Arduino repository. The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by: On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then reseing the 8U2.On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader).
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